Mu ntangiriro za 2020, COVID-19 yahinduriye byose mu Rwanda. Amaduka yarapfunzwe. Amasoko arapfungwa. Abantu ntibashobore guhura nk'uko bisanzwe. Ariko ubuzima bwagombaga gukomeza — abantu bagombaga kugura ibiryo, kwishyura serivisi, no kohereza amafaranga ku miryango yabo.
Icyo gihe, mobile money yarahindutse igikoresho cy'ingenzi cy'ubuzima bwa buri munsi. Abantu batabigeze bakoresha bagize bwa mbere bakoresha MTN MoMo. Abari bakoresha bakiyongera ku mitumire. Mu mezi 3 gusa, abantu 700,000 bashya binjiye muri mobile money mu Rwanda (Cenfri 2020).
Ubu, nyuma y'imyaka 6, mobile money yarahindutse imbaragarwanda y'ubukungu bw'u Rwanda. Ariko hari ikibazo gishya cyabonetse hamwe n'ubwo gukura: uburiganya mu bucuruzi bwa kuri internet bwiyongereye cyane. N'impamvu TandPay ari intambwe ikurikira — uburyo bwo kurinda amafaranga yawe mu bucuruzi bwa digitale.
Imibare y'impinduka: Mbere na nyuma ya COVID
Mbere ya COVID-19, mu Rwanda hari abantu 62% bakoresha mobile money (FinScope 2016). Mu 2024, uwo mubare wari ugeze kuri 86% (FinScope 2024). Iryo yongereye ryatewe n'ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi:
- Guhanagura amafaranga y'ikoreshwa (fee waiver). BNR na MTN bafashanye gukuraho amafaranga y'ikoreshwa rya MoMo mu gihe cya COVID, bituma abantu bose bashobora gukoresha mobile money ubuntu. Ibi byatumye abantu benshi bwa mbere bakoresha MoMo.
- Kwirinda gufata amafaranga y'impapuro. Abantu batinya gufata "cash" kubera virusi, bituma bakoresha digitale aho gukoresha impapuro z'amafaranga.
- Ubucuruzi bwimukiye kuri internet. Abacuruzi batabigeze bakoresha internet batangiye gucuruza kuri WhatsApp na Instagram kubera amaduka yari apfunzwe.
Iyi mpinduka yari nziza cyane. Abantu benshi babonye uburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyura no kohereza amafaranga. Ariko hamwe n'ubwo gukura, ikibazo gishya cyabonetse: uburiganya mu bucuruzi bwa kuri internet.
Igihe mobile money yakuraga, uburiganya nabwo bwiyongeraga
Iki ni ikintu abantu benshi batazi: uko abakoresha mobile money biyongera, abagambanyi nabo biyongera. Ubushakashatsi bwa BNR na CGAP bwerekana imibare iterwa ubwoba:
84% by'abakoresha mobile money mu Rwanda barigeze gukorerwa uburiganya ubwo ari bwo bwose — guhamagara gushuka, SMS z'ibinyoma, cyangwa gucuruzwa ibintu bidahari. Muri bo, 44% batakaje amafaranga nyayo. Ibyo ni hafi kimwe cya kabiri by'abahohotewe.
Impamvu ni izi: mobile money yagenewe kohereza amafaranga, ntiyagenewe gucuruza. Iyo wohereje amafaranga ku muntu ku giti cye kuri MoMo ugura ikintu, nta buryo bwo kuyasubizwa niba uwagurishije atakugiriye neza. Transaction yarangiye — amafaranga yawe yagiye.
Intambwe COVID yateye — n'intambwe idakiri buhari
Reka turebe uko impinduka zabaye:
Intambwe ya 1: Amafaranga y'impapuro → Mobile money. Iyi ntambwe yarakoze neza. Abantu bahindukiye gukoresha MoMo aho gukoresha cash. Guverinoma, BNR, na MTN bafashanye kuyituma iba intambwe yoroshye kandi ihendutse.
Intambwe ya 2: Mobile money → Ubucuruzi bwa digitale. Iyi ntambwe nayo irimo gukora. Abantu barimo gucuruza kuri WhatsApp, Instagram, na Facebook bakoresha MoMo kwishyura.
Intambwe ya 3: Ubucuruzi bwa digitale → Ubucuruzi bwizewe bwa digitale. Iyi ni intambwe idakiri buhari. Abantu bacuruza kuri internet, ariko ntibafite uburyo bwo kurinda amafaranga yabo. Ni nko kujya mu muhanda utambaye umukandara.
TandPay iza kuzuza iyi ntambwe ya 3.
Nk'uko gukuraho amafaranga y'ikoreshwa byatumye abantu bakoresha mobile money...
...ni ko escrow izatuma abantu bacuruza kuri internet mu mutekano. COVID-19 yerekanye ko abantu b'Abanyarwanda bashobora guhinduka vuba iyo bahawe igikoresho gifite akamaro. TandPay ni icyo gikoresho cy'umutekano mu bucuruzi bwa digitale.
Impamvu TandPay ari intambwe y'umwihariko ikurikira
TandPay ntabwo ari application imwe nk'izindi. Ni intambwe y'umwihariko mu mateka y'amafaranga ya digitale mu Rwanda. Dore impamvu:
1. TandPay ikoresha MTN MoMo — ntishaka kuyisimbuza
TandPay ntiyubakiye kuri system nshya y'amafaranga. Ikoresha MoMo — uburyo Abanyarwanda basanzwe bakoresha. Iyo umuguzi yishyuye kuri TandPay, amafaranga aturuka kuri MoMo ye. Iyo umucuruzi abonye amafaranga, ajya kuri MoMo ye. TandPay yongera gusa intambwe imwe hagati: escrow — gukomeza amafaranga mu mutekano kugeza igihe ibicuruzwa byageze.
2. TandPay ikemura ikibazo nyirizina cy'abaguzi
Ikibazo kinini cy'abaguzi mu Rwanda ntabwo ari uko bwa kwishyura — bazi MoMo neza. Ikibazo ni uko batazi niba bazabona ibyo bishyuye. TandPay ikemura iki kibazo mu buryo bworoshye: amafaranga afatwa mu mutekano kugeza ibicuruzwa byageze, umucuruzi atanga code y'imibare 4, umuguzi yemeza ko yabibonye.
3. TandPay ifasha abacuruzi nabwo
Abacuruzi benshi mu Rwanda batinya gucuruza kuri internet kubera abaguzi bashobora kubariganya. "Nashyirikirizwa ibicuruzwa, ariko umuguzi ntiyishyura." "Umuguzi avuga ko atarabibona, kandi nabimushyikirije." TandPay irinda abacuruzi: umuguzi yishyura mbere (mu escrow), kandi code y'imibare 4 ni icyemezo cy'uko ibicuruzwa byageze.
4. TandPay ihendutse
TandPay ifata 2.5% gusa ku giciro cy'ibicuruzwa. Ku bintu by'amafaranga 20,000 RWF, wishyura 500 RWF gusa y'umutekano. Gereranya ibyo n'igiciro cy'uburiganya: gutakaza 20,000 RWF yose kubera umucuruzi w'umuriganya. Kwishyura 500 RWF kugira ngo urinde 20,000 RWF ni amafaranga make cyane ugereranyije.
Uko COVID yigishije Abanyarwanda guhinduka
Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane COVID yigishije u Rwanda ni iki: Abanyarwanda bashobora guhinduka vuba. Mu mezi 3 gusa, miliyoni z'abantu bahindukiye burundu gukoresha mobile money. Ntabwo byari byoroshye — byasabye kwiga ikintu gishya, kwizera system nshya, no guhindura imyitwarire.
Ariko barabikoze. Kubera ko guverinoma yatanze igikoresho gifite akamaro (mobile money nta mafaranga y'ikoreshwa), abantu barahindutse.
Ubu, ikibazo gishya ni iki: ubucuruzi bwa kuri internet buri gukura ariko uburiganya burimo gukura nabwo. Igikoresho gikenewe ni escrow — uburyo bwo kurinda amafaranga yawe mu bucuruzi bwa digitale. TandPay itanga icyo gikoresho.
Nk'uko abantu bahindukiye gukoresha MoMo mu 2020, bashobora guhindukira gukoresha TandPay mu 2026. Impinduka zose zitangirira ku ntambwe imwe.
Ejo hazaza h'ubucuruzi bwa digitale mu Rwanda
Rwanda ifite byose bisabwa kugira ejo hazaza heza mu bucuruzi bwa digitale:
- Abantu 86% bakoresha mobile money — infrastructure iraho
- Fintechs 75+ ziyandikishijwe — urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rurimo gukura
- BNR ifasha amategeko mashya y'ikoranabuhanga ry'amafaranga — imiyoborere iraho
- Abanyarwanda bahuye kandi bakamenya guhinduka vuba — COVID yarabigaragaje
Icyo gikeneye gusa ni intambwe y'umutekano mu bucuruzi. Ni uko umuntu wese agira icyizere cy'uko iyo yishyuye kuri internet, azabona ibyo yaguze. Iyo yatumiye ibicuruzwa, azishyurwa. TandPay itanga uwo mutekano.
COVID-19 yatumye Abanyarwanda bahinduka — bahindukira kuri mobile money. Ubu ni igihe cyo guhinduka bundi bushya — guhindukira ku bucuruzi bwizewe bwa digitale hamwe na TandPay.
Wifuza kumenya neza uko TandPay ikora? Soma inyandiko yacu: Escrow ni iki? Menya uko TandPay irinda amafaranga yawe.
TandPay Ni Intambwe Ikurikira
Kwiyandikisha bifata iminota 5 gusa. Tangira gucuruza mu mutekano kuri TandPay — aho amafaranga yawe arindwa.
Tangira Gukoresha TandPay